Complex systems are those that consist of many interconnected components, where the behavior of the system as a whole cannot be predicted from the behavior of its individual components.
Characteristics of Complex System:
1. Complex systems are hierarchical, sub-systems are nested in larger systems
2. Complex systems are non-linear due to the interdependency of the elements:
3. Complex System is defined by its connections (Connectivity)
4. Due to adaptation, patterns like flocking of birds emerge. Due to connection between the element, new property of the system can emerge.
What can emerge : pattern, structure, behaviour, snowflakes
ABM is part of interaction from different parts: agents, environment, time. This interaction can lead to new emergence pattern and unexpected outcome from model created.