The solar constant S is a quantity denoting the amount of total (i.e., covering the entire solar spectrum) solar energy reaching the top of the atmosphere. It is defined as the flux of solar energy (energy per unit time) across a surface of unit area normal to the solar beam at the mean distance between the sun and the earth. Solar insolation is defined as the flux of solar radiation per unit of horizontal area for a given locality. It depends primarily on the solar zenith angle and to some extent on the variable distance of the earth from the sun. It can be computed as a function of latitude and the time of year taking into account of the secular variations of Earth's orbit eccentricity e, the oblique angle ε, and the longitude of the perihelion relative to the vernal equinox ω. The daily insolation is the total solar energy received by a unit of area per one day. It may be calculated by integrating total insolation over the daylight hours. It is particularly important, together with information on cloud coverage, in order to plan and manage solar power systems. Yearly total insolation together with average cloud coverage are among the most important parameters to be considered for the choice of the best (i.e. the ones promising the higher energy production) location of solar power plants. Modeled daily solar insolation together with short/medium-term forecast of cloud coverage are also fundamental for the management (e.g. for planning the suspension of activities for maintenance) of solar energy production plants .
Demonstrate basic knowledge of the interaction between the solar radiation and atmospheric constituents
Illustrate the concepts of solar constant and daily solar insolation
Discuss in which way annual solar insolation and average cloud coverage parameters affect the choice of a solar power plant location
Discuss in which way modeled daily solar insolation and cloud coverage forecast could affect solar power plant day-by-day management
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