Users in the public administrations or private organizations using EO to assist environmental or climate change impact policy making decisions i.e, assisting in developing monitoring to evaluate and deliver policy goals, provide assessment of ecosystems, rapid response to major environmental risk events, or those associated health security & care events. These users are largely related with international treaties and hence a strong international collaboration. EO/GI becomes a key data and information to support Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in particular in terms of environmental, climate and health towards SDG 11, SDG 13 Climate Action; SDG 14 Life Below Water; or SDG 15 Life on Land.
EO/GI users in meteo and climate; use of satellite-based observations in addressing key climate science questions for user-centric climate change risk assessment applications or climate-related issues
In context of volcanic activities and volcanos, EO methods are capable to provide information about various aspects, including ground motion (seismic), volcanic eruptions (pre-eruptive, sin-eruptive, atmospheric ash, dispersion), Rapid damage estimation (prevention), earthquake damage extent (loss adjuster dispatch). classification of land cover types
Multi-hazard assessment both focuses on regions prone to several geohazards and on the interrelationships between hazards, i.e. what happens if two disasters strike at the same time or what happens when one disaster is causing a cascade of disasters with a strongly amplified impact (e.g. a landslide causing a dammed river causing an outburstflood with a magnitude beyond the design of protective measures; or an earthquake in a coastal region that is followed by a tsunami). EO can provide imformation on the single disasters and, through integration and comprehensive impact assessment, enables multi-hazard assessment.