Open map List

Texture

In cartography and graphic semiology, texture is one of the visual variables identified by Jacques Bertin in his 1967 book Sémiologie Graphique (The Semiology of Graphics). Bertin defined texture as a means of visually differentiating map features through the arrangement and density of graphical elements (e.g., dots, lines, or patterns) within a symbolized area.

Intermediate

Introduction

Characteristics of Texture in Bertin’s Visual Variables

Bertin described texture as a way to convey information that is distinct from color, size, or shape. Key aspects include:

  1. Repetition – Texture consists of repeating graphic elements like dots, lines, or hatching.
  2. Density – The number of elements per unit area, influencing how the texture appears visually.
  3. Orientation – The alignment of elements (horizontal, vertical, diagonal).
  4. Grain (Coarseness/Fineness) – The size and spacing of the repeating elements affect perception.

Explanation

Function of Texture in Cartography (According to Bertin)

  • Differentiating Areas – Texture helps distinguish between different land uses, soil types, or elevation zones.
  • Encoding Data – Variations in texture can represent qualitative or quantitative differences (e.g., forests vs. grasslands).
  • Alternative to Color – Useful in black-and-white maps or for users with color vision deficiencies.
  • Enhancing Readability – Helps prevent visual clutter while maintaining clarity.

Outgoing relations