A geoprocessing workflow is made up of several geoprocessing functions and data which are coordinated through a workflow engine to achieve a certain objective. It consist of geodata, which contains satellite images, in-situ sensor data, and crowdsourced data. And the operation (geoprocessing functions) is needed for storage, analysis, and presentation of results.
A geoprocessing workflow includes geoprocessing tools and geographic data that produce meaningful results in the form of new datasets, maps, charts, and/or reports. For example, you may have a workflow that predicts landslides based on soil, slope, and weather data that use a variety of geoprocessing tools to produce a map of high-risk areas. The list of workflows you can create is endless—crime analysis, site suitability, hydrologic analysis, wildfire management, and so on.