EO is capable to monitor topography with various types of land surface elevation data (both digital terrain models and digital surface models) and also focus on land surface changes and ground deformation / movement due to e.g. soil erosion or permafrost thawing, frost heaving. This includes also the mapping of stable zones where such changes do not happen. The main ways of creating a digital elevation model (DEM) from EO data are deriving it from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), from stereoscopic pairs of optical images acquired from different viewing angles, and deriving them via laser scanning.
Detect land movement, subsidence, heave
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